TB (tuberculosis) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium spread through respiratory droplets. Millions of individuals around the world are infected, though the prevalence in the U.S. is lower.
TB is either Active or Latent. Latent TB patients have no symptoms and are not contagious. Treatment of latent TB patients is important to prevent transition to active TB. Prevalence of TB is generally underestimated due to the asymptomatic latent (resting) phase lasting months to potentially several years. Active TB is both symptomatic and contagious.
- Signs and Symptoms of Active TB:
- Cough > 3 weeks
- Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
- Chest pain or pain with breathing
- Fever
- Chills
- Night sweats
- Loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss
TB testing includes PPD skin testing and the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). False positive PPD tests may occur with TB vaccination (BCG vaccine), but the vaccine is not commonly used in the U.S. BCG vaccination does not cause false positive IGRA tests.
Treatment for latent TB usually involves one or two medications for 3 – 9 months. Active TB treatment typically involves four drugs for 8 weeks, then depending upon lab-determined sensitivities, continues with a combination of two to three meds prescribed for up to 18 weeks.
Monitoring TB involves chest x-rays, sputum cultures, various labs, vision testing for ocular TB, and mental status exams. Mental status exams are useful for detecting central nervous system (CNS) TB or an interaction between drugs that treat mental illness (like depression) that often interact with anti-TB medications.
Our ID specialists use evidence-based management protocols to address TB infections. We are also quite aware of potential side effects of TB meds and can help the patient, their family, and hospital staff watch for side effects common to each drug.
If you would like to learn more about how IDS specialists can help you or your hospital facility with TB infections, request an appointment today online or call (833) 967-2464.
